Japan offers a wide range of activities and leisure options, catering to both the energetic adventurer and the person who prefers a more relaxed pace. Here’s a breakdown of some of them:

Nature and Parks:

Japan has 34 national parks, each offering stunning scenery, diverse wildlife, and a variety of outdoor activities. Some of the most popular national parks include:

• • Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park:Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park is a sprawling wonderland located southwest of Tokyo, encompassing some of Japan’s most iconic natural wonders. The park’s crown jewel is undoubtedly Mount Fuji, a majestic volcano that has captivated artists and travellers for centuries. Standing as the country’s highest peak, Mount Fuji is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of Japan itself. Beyond the slopes of Mount Fuji, the park encompasses a diverse range of landscapes. The Fuji Five Lakes region offers tranquillity with its scenic lakes and charming towns. Hakone, a volcanic caldera known for its hot springs and natural beauty, is a popular resort destination. The Izu Peninsula, with its rugged coastlines and lush forests, provides a chance to commune with nature. Finally, the Izu Islands, a chain of volcanic islands stretching into the Pacific Ocean, offer a taste of paradise with their beaches and marine life. Established in 1936, Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park is one of Japan’s oldest and most visited national parks. Due to its vast size, the park is more like a collection of dispersed scenic areas rather than a singular location. The farthest points within the park boundaries, like Hachijo-jima island, are hundreds of kilometres away from each other. This variety offers something for everyone, whether you seek the challenge of climbing Mount Fuji, the relaxation of a hot spring soak, or the adventure of exploring remote islands.
  • Nikko National Park:Nestled in the mountainous region northeast of Tokyo, Nikko National Park offers a stunning blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. Established in 1934, the park encompasses over 1,148 square kilometres across three prefectures: Tochigi, Gunma, and Fukushima. Nikko National Park is a feast for the senses. Dramatic volcanic peaks like Mount Nasu and Mount Nantai dominate the landscape. Lush forests teeming with diverse wildlife carpet the lower slopes. Cascading waterfalls, serene lakes, and sprawling wetlands add to the park’s charm. The park is also a haven for endemic species like the Japanese macaque and sika deer. Beyond its natural wonders, Nikko National Park boasts a rich cultural tapestry. The town of Nikko, nestled within the park’s borders, is home to the UNESCO World Heritage Shrines and Temples of Nikko. Elaborately decorated shrines like Toshogu and Rinnō-ji stand as testaments to Japan’s deep cultural and religious traditions.
    • With its free entry, diverse offerings, and easy accessibility from Tokyo, Nikko National Park is a popular tourist destination. Whether you seek spiritual enlightenment, outdoor adventure, or cultural immersion, Nikko National Park has something for everyone.

• • Shiretoko National Park: Shiretoko National Park, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site, is a pristine wilderness located on the Shiretoko Peninsula, the northeastern tip of Hokkaido, Japan. The name “Shiretoko” itself comes from the Ainu language, meaning “the place where the earth protrudes,” hinting at the park’s dramatic landscapes. Encompassing nearly 390 square kilometres of land and a marine area of 220 square kilometres, Shiretoko National Park is a haven for diverse wildlife. The park is most renowned for being home to Japan’s largest population of brown bears. But that’s not all – Shiretoko shelters a rich tapestry of creatures, including Blakiston’s fish owls, orcas, whales, and a dazzling array of bird species. The park’s diverse ecosystems, encompassing everything from volcanic mountains and cliffs to serene forests and the Sea of Okhotsk, provide a habitat for this incredible fauna. Shiretoko National Park offers visitors a chance to experience the raw beauty of nature. Hiking trails lead through meadows bursting with wildflowers, while boat tours provide glimpses of the marine life and the chance to witness the impressive drift ice phenomenon in winter. Whether you’re a wildlife enthusiast, a hiker, or simply someone seeking a retreat in a remote and unspoiled landscape, Shiretoko National Park has something to offer.
  • Yakushima Island: Yakushima Island is a gem located south of Japan’s Kyushu region, known for its stunning natural beauty and ancient wonders. Covered in a vast cedar forest, the island boasts some of the oldest living trees on Earth. These majestic trees, called yakusugi, can be over 1,000 years old, with some reaching an awe-inspiring age of 7,000 years. Unfortunately, the forests faced logging in the past, but conservation efforts now protect these irreplaceable giants.
    • Yakushima Island’s nickname, “The Alps on the Ocean,” perfectly captures its essence. With a dramatic mountainous landscape, the island features towering peaks exceeding 1,800 meters, including Mount Miyanoura, the highest mountain in Kyushu. This diverse terrain creates a unique environment with various ecosystems at different altitudes, each with its own distinct vegetation and character. Despite its nickname, Yakushima Island is known for its wet climate. Receiving an incredible amount of rainfall, ranging from 4,000 to 10,000 millimetres annually, it’s earned the reputation of being a place where it “rains 35 days a month.” This constant moisture creates a lush, moss-covered landscape that feels refreshingly untouched.

• • Yoshino-Kumano National Park:Yoshino-Kumano National Park, a vast swathe of land stretching across three prefectures in Japan, doesn’t actually encompass any entire islands. However, there is one particularly interesting islet found within the park’s borders: Bentenjima Island. This craggy, uninhabited island sits just off the coast of the Ojaura Coast. Bentenjima Island is steeped in legend. A small shrine marked by a bright red torii gate graces the island, dedicated to Hakujabenten, a snake goddess associated with flowing things like water, music, and art. Adding to the mystique, Bentenjima Island is only accessible for a short period during specific times of the year. For just a few days in March and August, a three-hour window exists where the tide recedes enough to allow visitors to walk across the seabed to the island. If you’re fortunate enough to make the trek during this time, you might even see offerings of eggs left at the island’s shrine.

• • Quasi-National Parks: In addition to national parks, Japan also has 55 quasi-national parks, which are similar to national parks but are often smaller and less well-known.
  • Municipal Parks and Gardens: Many cities and towns in Japan have beautiful parks and gardens that are perfect for a relaxing stroll or picnic. Some of the most famous municipal parks in Japan include Ueno Park in Tokyo, Shinjuku Gyoen National Garden in Tokyo, and Maruyama Park in Kyoto.
  • Shrine and Temple Gardens: Many Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in Japan have beautiful gardens that are designed to be peaceful and reflective. These gardens are often open to the public and are a great way to experience Japanese culture and nature.

Culture and History

• Kyoto – Considered the cultural capital of Japan, Kyoto is brimming with temples, shrines, and gardens. Some of the must-see places include:
  • Kiyomizu-dera Temple: Standing tall in eastern Kyoto, Japan, Kiyomizu-dera is a Buddhist temple that boasts over 1200 years of history. It’s one of the most iconic landmarks in the city, and part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto.”The temple’s name, Kiyomizu-dera, translates to “Pure Water Temple,” a fitting title because it was founded in 780 on the site of the Otowa Waterfall. The cascading waters are considered sacred, believed to bring longevity and good fortune to those who drink from them. Kiyomizu-dera’s main hall is perhaps its most recognizable feature. Jutting out from a hillside, the hall is supported by a large, wooden veranda offering breathtaking views of Kyoto. Constructed without a single nail, the veranda is a testament to Japan’s traditional architectural ingenuity. Beneath the main hall lies the Otowa Waterfall, where visitors can catch and drink the mystical waters.
  • Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion): is a dazzling landmark in Kyoto, Japan. While its official name is Rokuon-ji (Deer Garden Temple), the temple’s most famous feature is the three-story structure adorned in shimmering gold leaf. This pavilion, known as the Shariden (reliquary hall), is a Zen Buddhist temple that houses relics of the Buddha. Kinkaku-ji’s history stretches back to the late 14th century when it was built as a retirement villa for Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu. Following his wishes, the complex was converted into a Zen temple after his death. The Golden Pavilion itself has endured several fires throughout the centuries, with the current structure being a reconstruction completed in 1955. The temple’s beauty lies not only in its striking gold facade but also in its harmonious blend of architectural styles. Each floor reflects a different period in Japanese design. The first floor features the shinden-zukuri style, reminiscent of Heian period aristocratic homes. The second floor embodies the buke-zukuri style, commonly found in samurai residences. Finally, the uppermost floor reflects Chinese influences. Kinkaku-ji’s picturesque setting adds to its charm. The pavilion overlooks a serene pond, known as the Kyoko-chi (Mirror Pond), that reflects its golden image. Lush gardens and a traditional teahouse further enhance the tranquillity of the temple grounds. Today, Kinkaku-ji is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-see destination for visitors to Kyoto, offering a glimpse into Japanese history, art, and religious traditions.
  • Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine: is a renowned Shinto shrine located in Kyoto, Japan. It holds the distinction of being the head shrine of all the Inari shrines scattered across the country, with over 30,000 dedicated to this kami (deity). Founded in 711 AD, the shrine has served as a spiritual sanctuary for centuries. Inari, the enshrined kami, is primarily associated with rice and agriculture. However, over time, Inari also became revered as the patron of business by merchants seeking prosperity. Fushimi Inari-taisha reflects this dual role, attracting both worshippers seeking agricultural bounty and business success. The shrine’s most striking feature is the network of thousands of vermilion torii gates that wind up Mount Inari. These iconic gates, standing side-by-side, create a captivating tunnel that leads pilgrims deeper into the mountain’s forested trails. These trails encompass a distance of 4 kilometres and can take roughly 2 hours to traverse completely. The wooded paths amidst the mountain create a serene atmosphere, perfect for a contemplative walk. Fushimi Inari-taisha is a must-see for anyone visiting Kyoto. Its historical significance, beautiful architecture, and captivating trails make it a truly unforgettable experience.
  • Arashiyama Bamboo Forest: Nestled in the Arashiyama district on the western outskirts of Kyoto, Japan, lies the Arashiyama Bamboo Grove. This captivating spot is a must-visit for any travellers seeking a serene escape amidst nature. Soaring stalks of moso bamboo rise high above winding paths, creating a captivating tunnel effect. As you stroll through the grove, sunlight filters through the dense canopy, casting a magical dappled light on the forest floor. The Arashiyama Bamboo Grove is more than just a visual treat – it’s a full sensory experience. The gentle sway of the bamboo stalks in the breeze creates a calming swishing sound, recognized by the Japanese Ministry of Environment as one of the “100 Soundscapes of Japan.” This tranquil atmosphere makes the grove a perfect place to unwind and reconnect with nature. Though the bamboo grove itself is a relatively small area, it serves as a gateway to further exploration of the Arashiyama district. The nearby Tenryu-ji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offers a glimpse into Zen Buddhism and traditional Japanese gardens. You can also visit the Okochi Sanso Villa, a historic residence with stunning gardens boasting panoramic views of Kyoto. With its easy accessibility and free admission, the Arashiyama Bamboo Grove is a delightful escape that shouldn’t be missed on your Kyoto itinerary.

• Kamakura – A former political centre of Japan, Kamakura is now a charming town with a wealth of historical sites. Some of the most popular attractions include:
• • Kamakura Daibutsu (Great Buddha) is a colossal bronze statue located in Kamakura, Japan. It depicts Amida Buddha, a revered figure in Japanese Buddhism who represents compassion and peace. The statue stands at an impressive 11.4 meters tall and is the second-tallest bronze Buddha in Japan, surpassed only by the one in Nara’s Todaiji Temple. Construction of the Kamakura Daibutsu dates back to 1252, during the Kamakura period. Originally, the statue resided inside a grand temple hall. However, several natural disasters, including typhoons and a tsunami, wreaked havoc on the temple structures throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. These events left the Great Buddha exposed to the elements, where it has remained ever since. Despite the passage of time and the absence of its original surroundings, the Kamakura Daibutsu continues to be a significant landmark and a popular tourist destination. Visitors are even able to enter the interior of the statue for a unique perspective. The Kamakura Daibutsu serves as a powerful symbol of Japanese Buddhism and a testament to the country’s rich history and artistic heritage.
  • Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine is a must-see for anyone visiting Kamakura, Japan. It is the most important Shinto shrine in the city, boasting a rich history dating back over 800 years. Founded in 1063, the shrine was originally built by Minamoto Yoriyoshi. However, it was Minamoto Yoritomo, the founder of the Kamakura shogunate, who enlarged and moved the shrine to its current location in 1180. Dedicated to Hachiman, the guardian deity of samurai, Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine played a significant role in Japanese history. The shrine served as a spiritual centre for the samurai during the Kamakura period, which marked the rise of samurai society in Japan. Even today, the shrine is considered the soul of Kamakura. The shrine complex itself is a beautiful and serene place to visit. Visitors can enter through massive red torii gates, which stretch through the centre of Kamakura. The approach to the main shrine is flanked by two ponds, representing the Minamoto and Taira clans, bitter rivals who dominated Japanese politics for centuries. The shrine grounds also feature beautiful peony gardens, museums, and even a traditional Japanese archery field.

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• Tokyo – Japan’s capital city, Tokyo, is a fascinating blend of tradition and modernity. While it is a modern metropolis, Tokyo has many historical sites and cultural experiences to offer visitors. Here are some recommendations:
  • Sensō-ji Temple: Sensō-ji is a Buddhist temple located in Asakusa, Tokyo, Japan. It holds the distinction of being Tokyo’s oldest temple, and one of its most significant landmarks. The temple is steeped in history, with its founding dating back to 645 AD. Legend says that a statue of Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, was found in the Sumida River by fishermen. The statue mysteriously reappeared after being returned to the river, leading to the construction of Sensō-ji to enshrine it. Sensō-ji is dedicated to Kannon, making it a popular destination for worshippers seeking blessings and spiritual guidance. The temple complex boasts a vibrant atmosphere, attracting over 30 million visitors annually. Visitors can explore the temple grounds, pay their respects at the Kannon Hall, and marvel at the five-story pagoda that stands adjacent to the temple. Beyond its religious significance, Sensō-ji offers a delightful cultural experience. The temple is situated near Nakamise-dori, a bustling street lined with shops selling traditional Japanese goods and souvenirs. This area provides a glimpse into the past, offering a chance to experience the atmosphere of Edo-period Tokyo. Whether you’re seeking a spiritual sanctuary or a taste of Japanese culture, Sensō-ji is a must-visit destination.
  • Meiji Jingu Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. It’s dedicated to the spirits of Emperor Meiji and Empress Shoken, who are revered for their role in modernizing Japan. Established in 1920, the shrine complex is set within a vast forested area of 70 hectares. This serene oasis, filled with over 120,000 trees of 365 species donated from all over Japan, provides a welcome respite from the bustling metropolis of Tokyo. The shrine itself is a beautiful example of traditional Japanese architecture. Visitors can observe Shinto rituals, participate in making offerings, or purchase amulets and charms. The shrine is particularly popular during the first days of the New Year, when millions visit for Hatsumode, the first shrine visit of the year. Interestingly, the Meiji Shrine doesn’t house the emperor’s grave. That’s located in Fushimi-momoyama, south of Kyoto. Despite this, the Meiji Jingu Shrine remains a significant cultural and historical landmark, attracting visitors for its historical significance and peaceful atmosphere.

• • Tokyo National Museum is a must-see for any art or history buff visiting Japan. It holds the distinction of being the oldest and largest national museum in the country. Established in 1872, the museum boasts a vast collection of over 100,000 artworks and artifacts, with a focus on Asian art, particularly ancient and medieval Japanese pieces. Treasures from along the Silk Road and Greco-Buddhist art are also well-represented. The museum complex itself is comprised of several buildings, each showcasing a different aspect of the collection. The Honkan, or Japanese Gallery, houses the permanent collection of Japanese art. The Toyokan, or Asian Gallery, features art from across Asia. Visitors can also explore the Heiseikan, which showcases Japanese archaeology and special exhibitions. For a glimpse into the treasures of Horyuji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, be sure to visit the dedicated Gallery of Horyuji Treasures. The Kuroda Memorial Hall offers a unique perspective on Western-style painting in Japan.

• • Edo-Tokyo Museum is a must-see for anyone interested in the history of Tokyo. Opened in 1993, it’s the first museum dedicated to the city’s fascinating past. Located in the Ryogoku district, the museum itself is a unique architectural landmark. Inside, the museum offers a captivating journey through time. The permanent exhibition spans from the 1600s to the present day, showcasing the evolution of Tokyo from the Edo period to the modern metropolis it is today. A highlight is the life-size replica of the Nihonbashi bridge, which once served as the main entrance to Edo. Scale models of towns and buildings throughout different eras bring history to life, while dioramas offer glimpses into everyday life in bygone eras. The museum is currently closed for renovations until the end of 2025. However, it’s definitely worth keeping an eye on for its eventual reopening. The Edo-Tokyo Museum promises to be an even more immersive and educational experience once its doors open again.

• Hiroshima – While Hiroshima is a city known for its tragic past, it is also a city of hope and resilience. Visitors to Hiroshima can learn about the city’s history at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, which includes the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.

• • The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum is a powerful and moving institution located in Hiroshima, Established in 1955, the museum is dedicated to documenting the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in World War II and its lasting impact. The museum’s exhibits utilize artifacts, photographs, and survivor testimonies to convey the horrific reality of the bombing. Visitors will see belongings left behind by victims, objects warped by the intense heat, and visuals depicting the devastation the city endured. These displays serve as a stark reminder of the human cost of nuclear war. Beyond simply documenting the past, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum promotes a strong message of peace for the future. The museum advocates for the abolition of nuclear weapons and the creation of a more peaceful world. This message is particularly significant in Hiroshima, a city forever marked by the atomic bomb. The museum serves as a hope that such a tragedy will never be repeated.

Thrills and Entertainment:

• Universal Studios Japan, Osaka: This world-renowned theme park brings the magic of movies to life. With its immersive attractions, thrilling rides, and beloved characters from both Universal Pictures and Japanese pop culture, Universal Studios Japan offers a unique blend of Hollywood entertainment and Japanese charm. Here are some of the thrilling rides you can experience:

• The Amazing Adventures of Spider-Man: The Ride – A 3D ride that takes you on a high-speed adventure through the streets of New York City with Spider-Man.
• Hollywood Dream – The Backdrop – A high-speed, backward coaster that takes you through the world of Hollywood movies.
• Jurassic Park Ride – Ride through the jungles of Isla Nublar and encounter dinosaurs, including the mighty Tyrannosaurus Rex.
• The Wizarding World of Harry Potter – Step into the magical world of Harry Potter and experience rides, shows, and shops inspired by the beloved book and film series.
• Nagashima Spa Land, Kuwana: This popular amusement park offers a wide range of thrilling rides, attractions, and entertainment for visitors of all ages. It includes adrenaline-pumping roller coasters, water slides, a large-scale Ferris wheel, outlet shopping, a flower park, and more. Particularly unique is how it combines amusement park thrills with relaxation spa options that attract millions of visitors each year. Here are some of the exciting rides at Nagashima Spa Land:
  • Arashi – One of the longest steel roller coasters in the world, taking tourists on a high-speed journey with loops, dives, and twists.
  • White Cyclone – A massive water coaster that propels visitors through a series of twists, turns, and drops, providing a refreshing and thrilling experience.
  • Twin Shuttle Loop – A launched coaster that takes visitors on a vertical loop and a backward section for an exciting ride.

Relaxation and Leisure:

• Ise Shima National Park , located in Mie Prefecture, Japan, is a treasure trove of natural beauty and cultural heritage. Designated a national park in 1946, it encompasses the Shima Peninsula, a region known for its stunning ria coast. This dramatic coastline is characterized by long, indented inlets, creating a scenic tapestry of secluded bays, rocky cliffs, and scattered islands. The park’s interior boasts lush forests and rolling hills, with Mount Asama-ga-take as the highest peak. Beyond the captivating landscapes, Ise-Shima National Park is deeply intertwined with Japan’s rich maritime tradition. The area has long been a source of bounty from the sea, and this connection continues today. Visitors can encounter the ama divers, fearless women who free-dive for pearls and shellfish while adhering to time-honored practices that ensure the health of the marine ecosystem. The park also serves as a refuge for diverse wildlife, with the warm Kuroshio Current fostering an abundance of fish, shellfish, and even turtles and ospreys.

• Okinawa: a chain of over 150 islands stretching between Taiwan and mainland Japan, is a tropical paradise with a unique culture and history. The largest island, also called Okinawa, is home to the prefecture’s capital, Naha, a bustling city with a mix of modern life and Ryukyu Kingdom influences. The Ryukyu Kingdom was an independent state for centuries before being annexed by Japan in the 19th century. Okinawa boasts stunning natural beauty, with white-sand beaches, crystal-clear waters teeming with coral reefs, and lush subtropical forests. This makes it a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering activities like diving, snorkeling, swimming, and hiking. Visitors can also delve into Ryukyu Kingdom history at Shuri Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, or explore the Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum, which commemorates the Battle of Okinawa in World War II. Beyond the main island, Okinawa offers island-hopping adventures to discover hidden gems. Ishigaki Island is known for its picturesque hiking trails and stunning beaches, while Taketomi Island offers a glimpse into traditional Japanese life with its red-roofed homes and laid-back atmosphere.

• Kinosaki:  Kinosaki, nestled in northern Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, is a renowned hot spring resort town boasting a rich 1,300-year history. Steeped in tradition, Kinosaki offers a quintessential Japanese experience, Centred around its seven public bathhouses (onsen). Kinosaki’s charm extends beyond its therapeutic waters. Imagine strolling along the willow-lined canals, dressed in a yukata (casual kimono) and geta (wooden clogs). The town transforms into a scene straight out of a postcard, especially during the spring with blooming cherry blossoms or the winter with a blanket of snow. In the evenings, after a relaxing soak in the onsen, you can explore the town’s nostalgic game arcades or savour delicious local specialties at a ryokan (traditional Japanese inn). Kinosaki’s convenient location, just a 2.5-hour train ride from Kyoto or Osaka, makes it an ideal getaway for travellers seeking cultural immersion and relaxation. Whether you crave a rejuvenating dip in the natural hot springs or a glimpse into a bygone era, Kinosaki promises an unforgettable experience.

Festivals and Events:

Spring (March-May)

• Mito Plum Blossom Festival (Ibaraki): This festival is a celebration of spring marked by the delicate beauty of plum blossoms. As one of eastern Japan’s biggest festivals, it attracts visitors from all over who come to admire the fragrant pink and white blooms. The festival takes place at Kairakuen Garden, a masterpiece of Japanese landscaping considered one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan. The garden boasts over 3,000 plum trees representing more than 100 varieties. During the festival period, which typically runs from mid-February to late March, these trees erupt in a stunning display of colour, creating a magical atmosphere. The Mito Plum Blossom Festival offers more than just scenic beauty. Visitors can enjoy a variety of cultural events and activities, such as traditional tea ceremonies held under the blossoms, live music performances, and food stalls serving local delicacies. It’s a wonderful opportunity to immerse yourself in Japanese culture and celebrate the arrival of spring.
• Takayama Spring Festival (Takayama): This festival is is a vibrant celebration that draws in crowds from all over Japan and the world. Renowned as one of the country’s three most beautiful festivals, it’s a dazzling display of artistry and tradition. The festival centers around Hie Shrine, also known as Sanno Shrine, and is held to welcome the arrival of spring. The main attraction is the parade of elaborate yatai, or festival floats. These handcrafted masterpieces are adorned with intricate carvings, lacquerwork, and metalwork. Some even feature ingenious marionette shows that come to life during the procession. The festivities take place over two days. Daytime parades showcase the floats in all their glory, while the evening comes alive with the yomatsuri, or nighttime festival. During the yomatsuri, the floats are illuminated by hundreds of lanterns, creating a magical atmosphere that leaves a lasting impression on visitors.
• Sanno Hie Matsuri (Kyoto) is a vibrant celebration held in Tokyo, Japan. It is considered one of the three largest and most prestigious festivals in the city, alongside the Kanda Matsuri and Fukagawa Matsuri. The festival takes place over a week in mid-June, but only on even-numbered years. This is because it alternates with the Kanda Matsuri, which takes centre stage in odd-numbered years. While there are various smaller events throughout the week, the main attraction of Sanno Matsuri is the spectacular Shinkosai parade. This massive parade, stretching nearly 2 kilometres, features ornate floats and lively participants carrying portable shrines, known as mikoshi. The parade winds its way through central Tokyo, stopping at significant landmarks like Yasukuni Shrine, the Imperial Palace, and Nihonbashi Hie Shrine, before returning to its starting point at Hie Shrine, the guardian shrine of Tokyo. The parade is a dazzling display of tradition, culture, and community spirit. Sanno Matsuri is a not-to- miss experience for anyone visiting Tokyo during this time. It’s a chance to immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage of the city and witness a truly magnificent spectacle.

Summer (June-August)

• Gion Matsuri (Kyoto) is a vibrant festival and one of the most famous in all of Centred in Kyoto’s Gion district, the festival honors Yasaka Shrine and boasts a rich history dating back to 869. It began as a purification ritual during a plague, aimed at appeasing the gods and bringing an end to the illness.
  • The festival features a variety of events, but the most spectacular are the Yamaboko Junko parades. These parades showcase massive floats (yamaboko) adorned with elaborate tapestries and sculptures. The main parade takes place on July 17th, while a second, smaller parade was recently reintroduced on July 24th after a nearly 50-year hiatus. Another fascinating aspect of the Gion Matsuri is the Yoiyama evenings, which precede the main procession. During these evenings, the streets come alive with food stalls, traditional performances, and a festive atmosphere. The selection of a local boy as a divine messenger adds another layer of tradition to this exceptional festival.
• Aomori Nebuta Matsuri (Aomori): is a vibrant summer festival held in Aomori City, Japan, every year from August 2nd to 7th. It’s the largest and most famous of several nebuta festivals in the Tohoku region, attracting over 3 million visitors annually. The festival is designated as an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property and is considered one of the three largest festivals in Tohoku.
  • The highlight of the festival is the nightly parade (except for the last day), featuring enormous lantern floats called nebuta. These dazzling floats, reaching up to five meters tall and nine meters wide, are made of wood and paper frames covered with colourful illustrations. The illustrations depict historical or mythical figures, kabuki actors, popular culture characters, and more. The floats are illuminated from within, creating a breathtaking spectacle as they wind their way through the city streets. The parade is accompanied by the thunderous beats of giant taiko drums, enthusiastic festival dancers, and lively chanting crowds. The energy is infectious, making it an unforgettable cultural experience. The festival culminates on August 7th with a daytime parade and a stunning fireworks display over Aomori Bay.

• Sumiyoshi Taisha Grand Summer Festival (Osaka) is a vibrant and historic celebration held annually in Osaka, Japan. It’s one of the city’s biggest summer festivals, also known as the Oharae, which translates to “purification.” Held over three days, from July 30th to August 1st, the festival honors the gods enshrined at Sumiyoshi Taisha and aims to cleanse the entire city of Osaka. The festivities kick off with the Mikoshi Arai, a ritual where portable shrines used to carry the deities are washed in Osaka Bay. This purifies the shrines before they house the gods during the festival. Traditional performances and lively food stalls mark the Yoimiya evening on July 30th. The main event is the Nagoshi-no-Harae on July 31st, a large-scale purification ceremony. People participate in this ritual to cleanse themselves of bad luck and misfortune accumulated during the first half of the year. The highlight of the festival arrives on August 1st with the Mikoshitogyo procession. Here, worshippers carry the portable shrines containing the deities across the Sumiyoshi Taisha precincts, culminating in a transfer to a temporary resting place in nearby Sakai City. The sight of the two-ton mikoshi being paraded through the streets, especially over the curved Soribashi Bridge, is a truly impressive spectacle. Attending the Sumiyoshi Taisha Summer Festival is a fantastic way to immerse yourself in Japanese culture and witness a historic tradition. The festival offers a unique blend of religious ceremonies, lively celebrations, and a chance to experience the vibrant spirit of Osaka during the summer season.

Autumn (September-November)

• Takayama Autumn Festival (Takayama) is a vibrant celebration that takes place in the old town of Takayama, Japan. Considered one of the three most beautiful festivals in the country, it’s a visual feast attracting thousands of visitors each year.
  • The festival honors a good harvest and coincides with the beginning of autumn preparations. During the two-day event, elaborately decorated festival floats, known as yatai, parade through the streets. These ornately crafted floats are the true stars of the festival. They are a testament to the exceptional skills of Hida region artisans and feature intricate carvings, puppets with surprisingly lifelike movements, and clever mechanisms for maneuvering. One of the highlights is the yoimatsuri, or evening festival, held on the night of the 9th. During this magical event, the yatai are illuminated by approximately 100 lanterns each, creating a breathtaking spectacle as they slowly wind their way through the town. The daytime and nighttime processions offer distinct experiences, both contributing to the overall wonder of the Takayama Autumn Festival.
• Kanamara Matsuri (Kawasaki): also known as the “Festival of the Steel Phallus,” is a unique and vibrant festival held annually in Kawasaki, Japan. It takes place at the Kanayama Shrine, typically on the first Sunday of April. While the festival’s central theme may surprise some, it’s rooted in Shinto tradition and carries a deeper meaning than meets the eye. The festivities celebrate fertility, with a focus on healthy relationships, childbirth, and sexual well-being. The phallus symbol serves not just as a symbol of masculinity but also of creation and procreation. The main attraction is a parade featuring a mikoshi, a portable shrine, adorned with a large pink phallus. Participants carry other phallus-shaped objects and decorations, adding to the lively atmosphere. Despite its unconventional theme, the Kanamara Matsuri is a celebratory and inclusive event. It attracts both locals and tourists seeking a cultural experience unlike any other. The festival offers a chance to embrace fertility and sexuality in a positive light, showcasing a different side of Japanese tradition.
• Jidai Matsuri (Kyoto): Held annually on October 22nd, Kyoto’s Jidai Matsuri, also known as the “Festival of Ages,” is a vibrant celebration of Japanese history. This festival is one of Kyoto’s most beloved, ranking alongside the Gion Matsuri and the Aoi Matsuri. The centerpiece of the festival is a grand procession that winds its way from the Kyoto Imperial Palace to Heian Shrine. The procession features over 2,000 participants dressed in meticulously recreated costumes representing various eras of Japanese history, from the dawn of the Heian period in the 8th century all the way to the modern Meiji era of the 19th century. Spectators are treated to a living history lesson as they witness emperors, warriors, court ladies, and commoners come to life before their eyes. The elaborate costumes and the sheer scale of the procession make the Jidai Matsuri a truly unforgettable experience.

Winter (December-February)

• Sapporo Snow Festival (Sapporo): The Sapporo Snow Festival is a major winter event held annually in Sapporo, Japan. It takes place over seven days in February, transforming the city into a winter wonderland. The festival boasts massive and intricate snow and ice sculptures that attract over two million visitors from around the world. The festival’s origins are humble. In 1950, local high school students built a handful of snow statues in Odori Park, the heart of Sapporo. The event gained popularity, and by 1955, the Japan Self-Defense Forces joined in, creating the enormous snow sculptures that the festival is known for today. The Sapporo Snow Festival is spread across three main sites: Odori Park, Susukino, and Tsudome. Odori Park, the central location, features a 1.5-kilometer stretch of stunning snow and ice sculptures. Visitors can marvel at large-scale replicas of famous buildings and intricate creations depicting characters and scenes from popular culture. The Susukino site focuses on ice with a dazzling ice sculpture competition and displays. Finally, the Tsudome site offers a more family-friendly experience with snow slides and winter activities.
• Hakodate Winter Festival (Hakodate) is a magical event that transforms the city of Hakodate, Japan, into a wonderland of light and merriment during the winter months. Held from December 1st to February 29th, the festival’s main attraction is the spectacular Hakodate Illumination. Over 160,000 bulbs bathe the city’s historic buildings and iconic slopes like Hachiman-zaka and Nijukken-zaka in a warm, festive glow. The Meiji-kan, Kanemori Red Brick Warehouse, and churches in the Motomachi area are especially dazzling, creating an elegant atmosphere that complements the winter scenery. Heated sidewalks ensure a comfortable stroll even amidst the snow. The Hakodate Winter Festival offers more than just illuminations. Every Saturday in February, the night sky comes alive with the Hakodate Winter Fireworks. Launched from Midori-no-Shima, these vibrant displays paint the sky with colour for 10 minutes, offering a breathtaking spectacle.
  • For a truly unique experience, head to the Hakodate Garden of Light. This mesmerizing display features LED lights, parabolic aluminized reflector lights, and stardust lasers, transforming the square in front of JR Hakodate Station into an otherworldly landscape. The lights illuminate the area from 5:00 pm to 11:00 pm throughout the festival period. The Hakodate Winter Festival is a must-visit for anyone seeking a romantic winter getaway. With its enchanting illuminations, dazzling fireworks, and captivating light shows, the festival offers an unforgettable experience that celebrates the beauty of winter in Hokkaido.
• Otaru Snow Light Path Festival (Otaru) is a captivating winter event held annually in Otaru, Japan. During this festival, the charming port city transforms into a wonderland illuminated by flickering lights and delicate snow sculptures. The gentle glow creates a magical atmosphere, perfect for a romantic stroll or a moment of peaceful reflection. The festival’s heart lies in the historic Otaru canal and the scenic former Temiya Railway Line. Hundreds of candles nestled within glass floats bob gently on the canal’s surface, casting a warm reflection on the water. The railway path, adorned with snow lanterns, adds another layer of enchantment to the winter scene. The Otaru Snow Light Path Festival is more than just a visual spectacle. It’s a celebration of community spirit. Locals come together to create the beautiful displays, imbuing the event with a sense of warmth and togetherness. The festival coincides with the renowned Sapporo Snow Festival, making it possible for visitors to experience both winter wonders during a single trip to Hokkaido..